Norway September 2016

Image result for 2017 Tesla model S and X
Model X: Spreading its wings in Norway


Tesla Model X Rises to the Top

There were 4.587 new plug-ins sold in Norway last month, up 68% YoY, with last month being the second best selling month ever, with the EV Share shooting to 33% in September and 29,3% YTD.

Last month, boatloads of Tesla Model X arrived to Norway, allowing Tesla's new (big) baby to shoot for the leadership, with 601 units, surpassing the rejuvenated BMW i3, that registered 520 units, a new monthly record for the BMW hot hatch.

The Mitsu Outlander PHEV ended in Third, ending the month with 427 units, ahead of the VW Golf siblings, with the all-electric version beating the GTE for the fist time in three months.


PlModelSales  
1Tesla Model X601
2BMW i3520
3Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV427
4Volkswagen e-Golf
392
5Volkswagen Golf GTE358

Looking at the year-to-date ranking, there is an important change in the podium, with the VW Golf GTE changing positions with a slow selling Nissan Leaf (199 units, worst performance of the year) and reaching the Third Spot, behind its all-electric twin, the e-Golf.

The German brand could have had three models in the top five positions, if it weren't for the recent BMW i3 sales push, which displaced the VW Passat GTE to #6, with the BMW product returning to its last year position.

But the real winners of September are still below the Top 10, thanks to the stellar performance of last month, the Tesla Model X jumped seven places to #15, with the American SUV now set to reach a Top 10 place and the Rookie Of The Year title, while the Audi Q7 e-Tron also impressed, registering 123 units last month and rising four places to #21.

Looking at the manufacturers ranking, Volkswagen (30%, down 1%) continues in the lead, followed from a far by Mitsubishi (13%, down 1%), Nissan (13%) and BMW (11%).

PlNorwaySep.YTD%'15Pl
1Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV4274.130124
2Volkswagen e-Golf3923.951121
3Volkswagen Golf GTE3583.352106
4Nissan Leaf1993.346103
5BMW i35202.01665
6
7
8
Volkswagen Passat GTE
Tesla Model S
Audi A3 e-Tron
202
247
134
1.882
1.701
1.537
6
5
5
20
2
7
9Renault Zoe1581.48248
10Mercedes B250e2221.363410
11
12
Kia Soul EV
BMW 225xe Active Tourer
102
166
986
851
3
3
11
N/A
13
Volkswagen e-Up!
3681729
14
15
16
Mercedes C350e
Tesla Model X
BMW X5 40e
140
601
95
811
799
794
2
2
2
22
N/A
19
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35

Volvo XC90 T8
Volvo V60 Plug-In
Nissan e-NV200 / Evalia
Mercedes GLC350e
Audi Q7 e-Tron
Peugeot iOn
BMW 330e
Mitsubishi I-Miev
Citröen C-Zero
Mercedes GLE500e
Peugeot Partner EV
Porsche Cayenne Plug-In
Renault Kangoo ZE
Renault Twizy
Ford Focus Electric
Smart Fortwo ED
BMW i8
Citröen Berlingo EV
BMW 740e
Others
101
58
51
68
123
41
28
45
18
13
13
6
2

15


1
3
2
635
594
580
493
266
263
236
225
171
141
103
98
96
53
40
33
33
18
15
16
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N/A
12
14
N/A
N/A
13
N/A
26
16
27
18
24
17
29
21
15
25
23
N/A


TOTAL4.58733.927100


Models breakdown by Fuel Source


PlModelSales  
1Tesla Model X601
2Toyota RAV4581
3BMW i3520
4Toyota Auris492
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV
Volkswagen Tiguan
Toyota Yaris
Volkswagen e-Golf
Volkswagen Golf GTE
Skoda Octavia
427
416
405
392
358
315

With 29% share, the EV's performance in the general ranking is increasingly more relevant, of the 996 units sold by the chronical leader VW Golf in September, only 246, or 25%, didn't had a Plug.

Splitting models by fuel source, for the first time since February, we see a BEV in the First Place, with the Tesla Model X shooting for #1, right in its first presence in this ranking.

Below it, in Third, we also welcome a new face, with the BMW i3 managing to outsell the Toyota Yaris and become the Best Seller of its segment.

The remaining plug-ins in the Top 10 are the Mitsu Outlander PHEV, #5 with 427 units, the VW e-Golf in #8 and its plug-in hybrid relative, the Golf GTE, in #9, making it three BEV's, two PHEV's, three HEV's and two regular ICE's in this Top 10, these last ones have their best representative only in #6...

Will we see regular ICE models out of this ranking soon?

Autonomous Cars – Part 2: The ABCs ADAS



Kaivan Karimi
SVP of Strategy and Business Development
BlackBerry Technology Solutions (BTS)


Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is one of the most important of the many different technologies going into the connected autonomous car of the future. 
ADAS is evolving from discrete single function systems, such as blind spot monitoring and lane departure warning to integrated active safety systems and automated driving.  With ADAS high performance computing is intersecting with the need for functional safety, changing the very nature of the hardware and software in these next generation systems. So, a flexible, safe and stable software environment that leverages the performance advances in silicon while maintaining ISO 26262 functional safety certification is critical.  In an ADAS based car, software is the nervous system that works with the brains of the operations, which are  Microprocessors/Microcontrollers.  Together they work seamlessly with a range of other hardware components, some of which are noted below.


Radar Systems
Radar technology collects information around the vehicle and feeds it to the ADAS’s domain controller managing sensor fusion.  Several subsystems are part of the package such as a 77 GHz radar system that enables high precision and scalability from short to mid to long range detection; 24 GHz radar for high-demand features, such as rear cross traffic alert or blind spot detection; and Light Detection and Range (LIDAR) for adaptive cruise control, accident avoidance and mitigation and object detection. LIDAR is like a light-based radar that sends out short pulses of invisible scanning laser light, and based on how long it takes to see the reflection, calculates how far away it is.  It then creates a 3-D image of the surroundings of the car with high accuracy. 

Vision Processing
 A range of cameras and sensors combine to see the world.  External cameras assist with lane departure warnings, forward collision warnings, traffic sign recognition, and pedestrian recognition. Internal cameras provide information related to the driver’s focal point and behavior so that the ADAS system can react accordingly. These can be augmented with 3D capabilities that enable new HMI user experiences, such as gesture recognition and control of cabin button functions, or infotainment systems.  Ultrasound is also used for close-end object detection and will be used in park-assist applications, where a typical car would have between 10 to twelve sensors.

GPS
Global Positioning Systems are satellite-based navigation systems using a network of 24 satellites that were put in orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for military applications. In the 1980s the US government made the system available for civilian use. Galileo (EU), GLONAS (Russia), BeiDou (China), and IRNSS (India) are examples of other satellite-based navigation systems being developed around the world.  They have accuracy of within 10 to 50 feet for 95% of the time, with most providing a worst case pseudo-accuracy of 7.8 meters at a 95% confidence level. The actual accuracy depends on factors such as atmospheric effects, line of site clearance to the satellites, and receiver quality. To improve GPS location accuracy to centimeter-level accuracy, systems make use of ground-based reference points in combination to the satellite signal. These types of systems are called “differential GPS,” and a great example is that which comes from rental car companies.

For a self-driving car you need to know which lane a car is in and where within that lane is in reference to other cars and structures surrounding it, and all of this must be updated at high rates in real-time. This requires computational intensity as well as augmented GPS functionality with accelerometers, altimeters, gyroscopes, and a tachometer/odometer to achieve finer measurements of the position of the car under various conditions.

V2X
V2X communication refers to the exchange of information from a vehicle to anything that may affect the vehicle, and vice versa.  V2X stands for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-device (V2D), Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and for all practical purposes, Vehicle-to-Everything.  (You can see that the “X” is the catch-all variable.) 

V2X is considered a cooperative approach between cars and their environment to make a more effective means to avoiding accidents and traffic congestion. For V2X to really work it needs to be rolled out with adoption rates of greater than 95%, and from that perspective it may be a few years before the infrastructure is put in place. The communication technology most often talked about for V2X is based on Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) operating at the 5.9 GHz frequency based on 802.11p 

Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE). The architecture, message protocols, and security standards are based on IEEE 1609.x in the US and various of ETSI layer standards.  Note that cryptographic security must be built in so that the signal sent and received can be trusted.  False or corrupted signals can produce dire results.

V2X will establish a hybrid access network and enable the flow of information regarding traffic delays and hazard warnings (e.g. road flooding, electrical poles down, or even cars driving in the wrong direction, and others) in a real time manner.

Telematics
A telematics system mixes the functionalities of telecommunications and informatics for a car, and a good way to explain the range of functionalities in a telematics system is to take a closer look those supported by OnStar from General Motors. OnStar includes a cellular modem, GPS, connections to a variety of sensors (some of which are dedicated to reporting significant crashes), a backup battery, and a roof mounted antenna with a range that is better than a typical cellphone. 

The box itself gets a “black-box” treatment, and is mounted in the back of the car to shield it from most crashes. The system is connected to a call center, which in turn can report accidents to a public safety answering point such as a 911 operator, and contact garages if only simple towing services or mechanical help is needed. After any incident, the call center operator contacts the passengers of the car, getting more information and assuring them that help is on the way. Emergency and roadside assistance along with basic vehicle diagnostics are the most popular services for most Telematic systems. 

Over time, a host of other services have been added from weather reports and sports scores, to traffic information, geo-fencing, and stolen vehicle tracking. The list of automakers who already offer telematics services include GM, Chrysler, Ford, Lincoln, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Porsche, Jaguar, Rolls-Royce, Volvo, Mini, Toyota, Infiniti, Lexus, Mazda, Nissan, and Subaru. 

Domain Controllers and Micro Processor/ Micro Controller Units (MPUs/MCUs)
MCUs and MPUs are the physical hardware brains of the whole vehicle operation, and combined with powerful sensor fusion algorithms are what turn a car into a robot. With the number of sensors feeding situational awareness data in real-time, one can see that high-speed and high-bandwidth data processing are at the heart of automated driving.  High performance Electronic Control Units (ECUs) accept the sensor inputs that monitor the automobile’s constantly changing environment, and fuse those data at speeds of greater that 1Gb/sec to make safe decisions.  As the table shows, this will ultimately shift the burden of “situational awareness and response” from the driver to the car. High-speed decision making at real-time speed, dealing with the amount of data discussed above, requires secure, reliable, and very fast processing computers. 
  
The growth of electronics in cars has resulted in double-digit growth of the number of ECUs being used in all car segments. Today’s embedded vehicle functions are shared between up to 100 ECUs and are connected over several buses, and typically uses 6-8 operating systems. This decentralized system has drawbacks in increased complexity, weight, and overall cost of the vehicle. The trend now is to move from 80-100 decentralized ECUs scattered across the vehicle, to 8 to 12 domains with their respective mega-ECUs, or Domain Controllers, which among many other things reduces the complexity of the system.



The next blog will address the software architectural issues to be considered when creating connected autonomous car of the future.   For more see the QNX web site.


_______________________________________________________________________________
Kaivan Karimi is the SVP of Strategy and Business Development at BlackBerry Technology Solutions (BTS). His responsibilities include operationalizing growth strategies, product marketing and business development, eco-system enablement, and execution of business priorities. He has been an IoT evangelist since 2010, bringing more than two decades of experience working in cellular, connectivity, networking, sensors, and microcontroller semiconductor markets. Kaivan holds graduate degrees in engineering (MSEE) and business (MBA). Prior to joining BlackBerry, he was the VP and General Manager of Atmel wireless MCUs and IOT business unit.

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