Showing posts with label informative. Show all posts
Showing posts with label informative. Show all posts

Analysis, why are the German car makers going electric? They can't afford to pay the fines for luxo barges with bad mileage anymore

David Zenlea did a cool article scoping out the deal with mileage and electric cars.  http://www.automobilemag.com/news/why-are-the-germans-plugging-in/

Instead of making a jillion good mileage cars, Bentley, Audi and Porsche make few cars with mediocre at best mileage.  They simply can't offset the bad mileage sports cars with good mileage models they can't make due to their brand recognition concept. 

Obscure, but very vehicular, Hiduminium. An aluminum alloy created by Rolls Royce for pistons, used on bicyles, the Concorde, and the 1948 Olympic Torches


Hiduminium is a series of high-strength, high-temperature aluminium alloys, developed for aircraft use by Rolls-Royce before World War II. They were manufactured and later developed by High Duty Alloys - Hi-Du-Minium

The first of these alloys was termed 'R.R.50' . This alloy was a high-strength nickel-aluminium alloys having the advantage of retaining strength at high temperatures, making them particularly useful for racing engine pistons, and was only later adopted for aircraft engine use.

The alloys were in limited use for aircraft by 1929, being used in the Rolls-Royce R engine that was successful in the Schneider Trophy seaplane races.


Several years before the British and French decided separately to initiate feasibility studies into the building of a supersonic transport passenger‐carrying aircraft with an aluminium alloy as the main structural material, the R and D division of High Duty Alloys Ltd. began to compare the relative merits of selected Hiduminium alloys in anticipation of this possible new application.

They deteremined that the life requirement, for economic reasons, would be between 20,000 and 30,000 hours and that the saturation skin temperature, due to kinetic heating, at speeds of Mach 2·2 and 2·5 would be about 120° and 150°C, respectively.

High Duty Alloys Ltd.'s considerable experience in the field of aluminium alloys for acro‐gas turbine applications for service at temperatures higher than this range, gave them optimistism about being able to develop a wrought aluminium alloy which would meet all the mechanical property requirements for the construction of a SST aircraft.


1600 Olympic torches were made, and each runner had their name engraved in one and given to them, and most people kept them a very long time


Their first mass production use was in the Armstrong Siddeley Special saloon car of 1933.[2] Armstrong Siddeley already having had experience of the alloy, and financial investment in its manufacturer, from their aero engine business.

High Duty Alloys Ltd. began from the ruins of the World War I aero engine builder, Peter Hooker Limited, Hookers licence-built the Gnôme engine, amongst other things, and for the aero engines chose to be known as The British Gnôme and Le Rhône Engine Co.

1928 Armstrong Siddeley 15hp Tourer

BSA bought Hookers in 1920. In 1927 Armstrong Siddeley placed a large order for pistons to be used in their Jaguar engines, just barely in time to keep the company going, infusing the company with the capital to relocate, and a large amount of business from Rolls Royce added to it's growth and stability. Further business was supplied by Reynolds in 1934 who began production of extruded structural components for airframes, using R.R.56 alloy supplied by High Duty Alloys.

In time, the post-war Reynolds company, already known for its bicycle frames, would attempt to survive in the peacetime market by supplying Hiduminium alloy components for high-end aluminium bicycle cranks and brakes.

Many of the aluminium alloys harden spontaneously at normal temperatures after solution heat treating. In contrast, Hiduminium remain soft afterwards, until deliberately heat treated again by precipitation hardening for artificial ageing. This simplifies their machining in the soft state, particularly where component blanks are made by a subcontractor and must be shipped to another site before machining.

https://picclick.co.uk/Great-Gift-Ba-Concorde-Paperweight-Engraved-272568171351.html#&gid=1&pid=1
http://www.kingslynnonline.com/2012/05/olympic-torch-trail-will-pass-through-80-villages
https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Hiduminium&item_type=topic
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/eb034573


http://aviationancestry.co.uk/?home/&searchQuery=High%20Duty%20Alloys&startYear=1900&endYear=1980&searchOrder=ASC&pageNum=2
https://openlibrary.org/publishers/High_Duty_Alloys

what all those types of definers mean, that follow the name of the road.

A road has no special qualifiers. It connects point a to point b.
A street connects buildings together, usually in a city, usually east to west, opposite of avenue.
An avenue runs north south. Avenues and streets may be used interchangeably for directions, usually has median
A boulevard is a street with trees down the middle or on both sides
A lane is a narrow street usually lacking a median.
A drive is a private, winding road
a court usually ends in a cul de sac or similar little loop
place is similar to a court, or close, usually a short skinny dead end road, with or without cul de sac, sometimes p shaped
bay is a small road where both ends link to the same connecting road
a trail is usually in or near a wooded area
a highway is a major public road, usually connecting multiple cities
a motorway is similar to a highway, no pedestrian or animal traffic allowed
an interstate is a highway system connecting usually connecting multiple states, except Hawaii
a turnpike is part of a highway, and usually has a toll, often located close to a city or commercial are
a freeway is part of a highway with 2 or more lanes on each side, no tolls, sometimes termed expressway, no intersections or cross streets.
a parkway is a major public road, usually decorated, sometimes part of a highway, has traffic lights.
a causeway combines roads and bridges, usually to cross a body of water
circuit and speedway are used interchangeably, usually refers to a racing course,

http://swarfs.tumblr.com/

Just one little problem with thinking Nascar is an American racing sport. Well, how can it be American when the engine blocks are all cast in England? Why don't they use engines made in the USA? Seriously, where is the MADE IN USA sticker?


Don't you think the cars and tires and engines should be American? Isn't that what Nascar was?

 Grainger and Worrall is an engineering and machining company in Telford Shropshire, England. It's near the center of England, jut west of Birmingham

They made all the engine blocks used by "Chevys and Fords" in the 2015 Daytona 500

They also make the engines for the Acura NSX, and the Aston Martin DB11, and they did the F1 engines in 2014, and the 2015 NHRA Pro-stock engines. They also make parts for the Veyron and the Mulsanne, and they make brand new heads for the Rolls Royce Merlin V12 airplane engine used in Spitfires, Mustangs, Hurricanes and the Lancaster bomber.

http://www.sbnation.com/nascar/2011/9/9/2415041/kyle-busch-nascar-american-flag-car-richmond-9-11-2011
http://www.gwcast.com/en/

Sept 2015 issue of Car and Driver, page 26

FWIW, Nascar doesn't claim to be American, or Made in the USA http://www.nascar.com/en_us/news-media/articles/about-nascar.html I looked, and it doesn't. 

whoa, British people had some TOUGH tests to make sure their car was safe! Check out this brake test gauge!

http://www.bowmonk.com/products/view/tapley-brake-test-meter

the MOT of Great Britain, Ministry of Transportation, tests vehicles over three years old used on anything defined as a road in the Road Traffic Act 1988

The test was originally just the basic test of brakes, lights and steering after the vehicle was ten years old and every year thereafter. When they checked the brakes back in the early 70s, they put one of these Tapley G Meters on the floor. Steve was telling about it this morning. The testing guy would slam on the brakes and sometimes caused crashes and wrecks and the govt had to change that up and test the brakes on a set of rollers

This became known as the "ten year test", or alternatively the "Ministry of Transport Test". The high failure rate resulted in the age that vehicles became due for testing being reduced to seven years in 1962

Now the windshield wipers are tested, the exhaust NOISE is measured against the standard for that make, model, and year, and the lights are checked. They don't want owners to feel like they can OWN the car and change it to improve it's looks or performance. 

the "Buddy" Stewart truck


The Stewart Motor Company was founded in 1912 in Buffalo NY by Thomas Lippard and R. G. Stewart. and for the next thirty years they manufactured some of the finest medium duty trucks in the USA. Their marketing plan was to be a moderately priced model between the two giants International Harvester and REO. Every manufacturer had a name for their light duty trucks. Stewart called their's the "Buddy" to compete with the International "Special Delivery" and the REO "Speed Wagon".

The Stewart Motor Corporation of Buffalo, New York, began building commercial vehicles in 1912. For 1915 and 1916 only, hey offered a passenger car, before returning to what they did best. In 1926 they introduced the “Buddy”– a medium truck with road-going performance During the 1921 model year, he Stewart Company announced that it was going to manufacture its first civilian pickup truck. This new addition was market towards the everyday tradesman or farmer, here the previous models were almost exclusively marketed commercial. The Stewart pickup was then offered as an express, stake, panel and a special farmer’s model.


https://www.mecum.com/lots/HA0415-208802/1924-buddy-stewart-speed-truck-canopy-express/

Car and Driver had a interesting article on how the Army drops a Humvee out of a plane, parachute it won, and drive it away... the science of making 14,000 pounds fall out of the sky and land intact.


As many as 11 layers of honeycomb are positioned under the vehicle, but this M1151A1 UAH will compress only four layers during a normal landing. A hard impact at 28.5 feet per second (worst-case scenario) should crush five layers while using the entire nine-inch stroke of the HMMWV’s suspension to absorb the shock.

Lumber and sheets of three-inch-thick paper honeycomb, stacked between the axles, the frame, and the airdrop platform, cushion the impact.

http://blog.caranddriver.com/dropping-democracy-how-the-army-yanks-a-humvee-out-of-a-plane-and-drives-it-away-750-feet-later/

Penn Station, New York 1910


Penn Station, operating staff consulting with train engineer on platform,

 At the time Penn Station was conceived, the Pennsylvania Railroad had the largest operating budget of any enterprise in the United States, other than the federal government.

That changed and the railroads were doomed when the Panama canal opened. Consider, one train loaded with silk was 5 million dollars of cargo, and the best way to get it to New York was from Asia to Seattle, then by train to Chicago then New York... right up until they could get shipped quickly through the Panama canal instead of the long way around the South American continent.

https://www.facebook.com/neatoldphotos.m.lucas2/photos/a.400823796751664.1073741829.400758923424818/687548421412532/?type=3
http://www.blackdiamondnow.net/black-diamond-now/2014/02/the-cmsp-an-electric-train.html

The Ausco Lambert early hydraulic disc brakes


Available on 1949-1954 Crown Imperials, Town and Countrys, and other large Mopars as an option. It was a 40% increase in brake surface area over the 12" drums of the day... these cars were nearly 4 tons, and the 12 inch drums weren't up to it.

Unlike the common disc brakes used today, based on the common disc brakes that became familiar in the 1965 roll out of Corvettes, these Ausco Lambert had 360 degrees of both sides of the discs in contact with the brake pad liners, like the similar clutch contact method




This illustration shows the stationary, split brake disc. When the brake pedal was applied, twin wheel cylinders pushed the split disc apart so its friction pads made contact with the insides of the spinning housing. Self-energizing action and extra braking force was provided by six steel balls riding in ramp that wedged the disc apart. Metal return springs retracted the works when the brakes were released. The system was designed by Ausco-Lambert (aka the Auto Specialties Manufacturing Company) of St. Joseph, Missouri, and further developed under license by Chrysler. After Chrysler dropped the costly unit for 1955 (improved vacuum boosters gave new life to Chrysler’s drum brake systems), Ausco-Lambert changed the housing material to aluminum and tried to market the brakes over the counter as the “Double-Disc Safety Brake.” Unfortunately, it was overshadowed by European-style, floating-caliper brakes

http://www.hotrod.com/articles/chryslers-pioneering-disc-brake-system-explained/

roundabouts... who knew they were so damn efficient at reducing accidents, wasted gas, and saving time?


Carmel has become internationally known for its roundabout network. They even hosted the 2011 Rundabout Conference.

Since the late 1990’s Carmel has been building and replacing signalized intersections with roundabouts. Carmel now has 100 roundabouts, more than any other city in the United States.

Carmel builds roundabouts because of their safety record, their compatibility with the environments, their aesthetics and their ability to make it easier for pedestrians and bicyclists to navigate. In Carmel, where roundabouts have replaced signals or stop signs at intersections, the number of injury accidents has been reduced by about 80 percent and the number of accidents overall by about 40 percent. Our numbers are similar to those reported by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Roundabouts work by reducing speed and, therefore, crash severity. Vehicles are forced to slow down to between 15 and 35 mph as they negotiate the curve of the roundabout.

 Meanwhile, the most common (and severe) types of crashes at a conventional intersection — right-angle, left-turn and head-on collisions — are virtually eliminated as cars are all traveling in the same direction within the roundabout.

Also the incentive to speed up to catch the yellow light, or the need to slam on the brakes at a red, helps reduce rear-end collisions. As all traffic goes the same way, collisions with pedestrians also are less frequent, with some studies showing a 75 percent reduction.

http://www.carmel.in.gov/index.aspx?page=123
http://www.iihs.org/iihs/topics/t/roundabouts/qanda#roundabouts
https://www.cars.com/articles/circular-logic-making-intersections-safer-in-a-roundabout-way-1420692633893/

Now and then someone wants to learn about the muscle car world, well, here is the glossary from Hot Rod, now online

Some examples:

Boss. Nickname given by designer Larry Shinoda to competition-oriented 1969 Mustangs, reportedly in tribute to his boss at Ford, Bunkie Knudsen. Small-block Boss 302 Mustang was developed for Trans-Am racing. Big-block Boss 429 engine was put in Mustangs to homologate them for use in NASCAR. Also slang for something good: “That car is boss.”

Build sheet. Document generated at the assembly plant showing workers what specific components to install on each car as it went down the assembly line. It is the most detailed record of what is original to the car. Build sheets were a byproduct of assembly, not intended for the public. They were often, but not always, hidden in the car as a way for workers to get rid of them.

C6. Ford code for its heavy-duty automatic transmission, taken from the company’s convention for identifying parts. C6 stands for 1966, the year the transmission was introduced. The lighter-duty C4 was introduced in, you guessed it, 1964. Related: Ford’s trade name for automatic transmissions was Cruise-O-Matic (three-speed) and Ford-O-Matic (two-speed)

Capscrew rods. Ford’s strongest forged connecting rods, taken from the type of bolts used to fasten the rod caps to the rods.

Chambered exhaust. Renowned optional, low-restriction exhaust system available on certain 1968 and 1969 Camaro and Chevelle models, featuring straight-through mufflers and noted for aggressive, louder-than-normal sound.

Clone. Car originally built by the factory as a basic or high-volume model, later modified to resemble a more valuable and desirable model. Example: a base 1969 Camaro built by the factory with a six-cylinder later rebuilt as an SS396.

http://www.hotrod.com/articles/speak-muscle-car-glossary-aar-z28/

TRW

In his long lifetime, Frederick C. Crawford was able to experience the dawn of the automobile, the invention of the aircraft, and seeing man walk on the moon. And he played a large part in all of it.

Born in Massachusetts in 1891, Crawford was educated at Harvard, receiving a Master's degree in Civil Engineering in 1914. In 1916, he came to Cleveland to work at Steel Products, Co. (later renamed Thompson Products), which manufactured fittings and connectors for automobiles. He started as a Millwright's Helper, and began to work his way up the company¹s ladder.

 (take a look at that for a moment... a masters from Harvard, gets a job as a millwright's helper/machinist, two years after getting that Harvard degree. Just what was going on that a Harvard degree and 2 years of work wouldn't get you a better job?)

Thompson Products Inc. was established in 1900, in Cleveland, Ohio, as the Cleveland Cap Screw Company. It began producing automotive parts and underwent several reorganizations, becoming the Electric Welding Products Company (1908), the Steel Products Company (1915), and Thompson Products Inc. (1926).

Mr. Crawford became general manager of the company's Cleveland plant in 1929, then the company's vice-president, and after the death of Charles Thompson in 1933, company president. 4 years from GM to president. Impressive.

Mr. Crawford worked to keep Thompson Products involved in the National Air Races in Cleveland, helping to organize the event and sponsoring the prestigious Thompson Trophy. Under his direction, Thompson Products increased its presence in the aviation industry, and continued to solidify its position as a major automotive component manufacturer. Mr. Crawford's interest in automobiles also directly led to the creation of the Thompson Products Auto Album, one of the first car museums in the United States, which began in 1937

It expanded to include branch plants and the production of aircraft parts, and fostered a company union, the Automotive and Aircraft Workers Alliance (later the Aircraft Workers Alliance). After World War II it entered the jet and aerospace industries, merging in 1958 with Ramo Wooldridge Corporation to become TRW Inc.

Persons coming from TRW were important to build up corporations like SpaceX. In 1953, the company was recruited to lead the development of the United States' first ICBM. Starting with the initial design by Convair, the multi-corporate team launched Atlas in 1957. It flew its full range in 1958, and was adapted to fly the Mercury astronauts into orbit.

 TRW also led development of the Titan missile, which was later adapted to fly the Gemini missions. The company served the US Air Force as systems engineers on all subsequent ICBM development efforts.

http://justacarguy.blogspot.com/2011/05/crawford-auto-and-aviation-museum-in.html

Jo Ramirez, mechanic for the legends

Dan Gurney, Senna, Prost and Stewart were all people he worked for.

Wow. That is incredible.

He left Mexico in 1962 bound for Italy as he looked to pursue a motor racing career.

Ramirez came from the same Mexican town as the Rodriguez brothers - Ricardo and his brother Pedro - and although he had similar racing ambitions he did not have the money to achieve what they were able to.

He studied mechanical engineering at Mexico City University but dropped out to go to Europe in 1961, when the Mexican went to rent a factory Ferrari for the Italian GP at Monza in which Rodriguez sensationally qualified on the front row of the grid.

Through Ricardo Rodriguez, he managed to get a job as the Ferrari team’s ‘Gopher’ before taking a role with Maserati working in sport-prototype cars, then a job with Lamborghini.

 In 1964, he moved to England to work at Ford Advanced Vehicles and then secured a job with Dan Gurney’s Eagle F1 project. He secured his first F1 win at the Belgian GP in 1967.

After the F1 team closed down Jo spent three years with Gurney in the United States, working in CanAm, Indycars and TransAm racing but in 1971 he returned to Britain to work as chief mechanic for the John Wyer Automotive Gulf Porsche sportscar team.

During his 17 years at McLaren, he worked with Ayrton Senna, Alain Prost, Keke Rosberg, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Mika Hakkinen and David Coulthard winning 10 Drivers’ World Championships and seven Constructors’ Championships.

Jo Ramírez retired in 2001 after 40 years in the business.

http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/history/f1/mechanics-tales-jo-ram-rez
https://www.amazon.com/Jo-Ramirez-Memoirs-Racing-Man/dp/1844258610
http://www.gpmechanicstrust.com/the-trustees/jo-ramirez.html
http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/cref-ramjo.html

Hypoid distance. That is what makes a Ford 9" stongest. Why it's got the best hypoid is a pure coincidence from the design of the 57 T Bird. Ford got it right by accident.

Check out the article in the Feb 2017 issue of Hot Rod Magazine for all the particulars, but it's not online yet, so I can't just link to it yet.

But it goes something like this, the 57 T bird had a 300 hp supercharged 312 cu in engine option, and the word came down to the floor designer to minimize the driveshaft tunnel hump.

So, they designed the pinion to contact the ring gear, with a whole lot more angle, and most hypoid distance, of any gear set. The contact patch between pinion and gear teeth is signifcantly more than even a Dana 60, and the hypoid distance is 1.062 on the Dana, and 2.250 on the Ford.

This is about 10% more strength than a GM 12 bolt for example, which has about 1.35 gear teeth in contact, and the Ford has about 1.75

The trade off is about 3% power loss. Well, add 5% more power with a better intake and or headers, and everything is going to be Jake.

So, design-wise it's the best, however, Ford let everyone down in other aspects, such as the low grade iron of the housing, or the 28 spline axles, or etc etc etc. It's good to about 400 hp, more than that and you will need to upgrade things. 31 or 35 spline axles, nodular iron case, better bearings, etc. 

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