Automotive
Any vehicle powertrain is basically required to (1) develop sufficient power to meet the demands of vehicle performance, (2) carry sufficient energy on-board to support vehicle driving in the given range, (3) demonstrate high efficiency, and (4) emit less environmental
pollutants. Broadly, a vehicle may have more than one energy source and energy converter (power source), such as gasoline (diesel)-IC engine system, hydrogen-fuel cell-electric motor system, and chemical battery-electric motor system. A hybrid vehicle drivetrain consists of two power sources. One is the primary power source and the other is secondary
power. For the purpose of recapturing part of the braking energy, hybrid drivetrain has at least one bidirectional energy source, typically chemical battery-electric motor system. At present, IC engines are the first selection for the primary power source, and perhaps fuel cells in the future.
Architecture of a hybrid vehicle is loosely defined as the connection between the components that define the energy flow routes and control ports. Traditionally, HEVs were classified into two basic types: series and parallel. It is interesting to note that, in 2000, some newly introduced HEVs could not be classified into these kinds [5]; hereby, HEVs are newly classified into four kinds: series hybrid, parallel hybrid, series-parallel hybrid, and complex hybrid, which are functionally shown in Figure 3.1 [4]. In Figure 3.1, a fuel tank-IC engine and a battery-electric motor are taken as the examples of the primary power source (steady power source) and secondary power source (dynamic power source), respectively. Of course, the IC engine can be replaced by other types of power sources, such as fuel cells. Similarly, the batteries can be replaced by ultracapacitors, flywheels, or their combinations.
Handbook of Automotive Power
Electronics and Motor Drives
Edited by
Ali Emadi
Illinois Institute of Technology
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Boca Raton London New York Singapore
A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the
Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.
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